In some cases, problems are caught during Beta channel testing and a new release is made via the Beta channel to replace the aborted one. Finally, the release is then pushed out via the Stable channel after being tested by some users using the Beta channel. The release is then pushed out via the Beta channel shortly afterwards. Releases are tested by the developers and are then pushed out via the Alpha channel. Verified boot and the hardware-backed keystore also act as a final layer of protection. The internal payload for update_engine is also signed, providing another layer of signature verification and downgrade protection. Downgrade attacks are also prevented, and downgrades cannot be done unless a special downgrade update package has been signed with the release key.
The update packages have an internal signature verified by the update client (or recovery when sideloading).
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Update packages are not for performing the initial installation and you should ignore incorrect guides trying to use them to install the OS. Those aren't currently linked below but may be in the future once they're being used more consistently. The over-the-air updates use delta update packages when available. A full update package can upgrade from any past version to the new version. GrapheneOS uses automatic over-the-air updates, but full update packages are listed below for uncommon use cases like never connecting the device to the internet. The factory images are used for the initial installation and can be verified with signify. These releases are available as both tags in the source code repositories and official builds.
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